Saturday, January 12, 2013

Quality of life KPIs - Measuring Human Development


Governments around the world are struggling to figure out how to truly develop their societies and chart their way in doing so. It is clear that traditional measures of development such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Per Capita Income are not adequate to reflect the quality of life and even development. Hence, KPIs are being defined to better measure. In this article, I will explore some of these indicators.

Human Development Index

We start with the Human Development Index, an indicator published by UNDP and created by Mahboob Al Haq and Amartya Sen. It was revamped in 2011. Human Development Index is calculated as the following.


We can see that Human Development Index is made up of several components, one of which is Life Expectancy, which is explained in the following section.

Method for calculating Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy is calculated as the following (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy):



Turns out life expectancy is actually calculated by looking at actuarial tables from the health department. I am taking New York State as an example for these posts. Actuarial tables for New York State are available at http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/2010/table03.htm as shown below.

Total Population
Age1
q2
l3
d4
L5
T6
E7
< 1
0.00485
100,000
485
99,661
8,104,253
81.0
1-4
0.00071
99,515
71
397,918
8,004,592
80.4
5-9
0.00044
99,444
44
497,110
7,606,674
76.5
10-14
0.00058
99,400
58
496,855
7,109,564
71.5
15-19
0.00181
99,342
180
496,260
6,612,709
66.6
20-24
0.00328
99,162
325
494,998
6,116,449
61.7
25-29
0.00335
98,837
331
493,358
5,621,451
56.9
30-34
0.00366
98,506
360
491,630
5,128,093
52.1
35-39
0.00495
98,146
486
489,515
4,636,463
47.2
40-44
0.00804
97,660
785
486,338
4,146,948
42.5
45-49
0.01298
96,875
1,258
481,230
3,660,610
37.8
50-54
0.01961
95,617
1,875
473,398
3,179,380
33.3
55-59
0.02923
93,742
2,740
461,860
2,705,982
28.9
60-64
0.04298
91,002
3,911
445,233
2,244,122
24.7
65-69
0.06461
87,091
5,627
421,388
1,798,889
20.7
70-74
0.09678
81,464
7,884
387,610
1,377,501
16.9
75-79
0.15219
73,580
11,198
339,905
989,891
13.5
80-84
0.23704
62,382
14,787
274,943
649,986
10.4
85+
1.00000
47,595
47,595
375,043
375,043
7.9
Males
Age1
q2
l3
d4
L5
T6
E7
< 1
0.00507
100,000
507
99,645
7,856,910
78.6
1-4
0.00074
99,493
74
397,824
7,757,265
78.0
5-9
0.00048
99,419
48
496,975
7,359,441
74.0
10-14
0.00065
99,371
65
496,693
6,862,466
69.1
15-19
0.00270
99,306
268
495,860
6,365,773
64.1
20-24
0.00488
99,038
483
493,983
5,869,913
59.3
25-29
0.00496
98,555
489
491,553
5,375,930
54.5
30-34
0.00518
98,066
508
489,060
4,884,377
49.8
35-39
0.00637
97,558
622
486,235
4,395,317
45.1
40-44
0.01024
96,936
992
482,200
3,909,082
40.3
45-49
0.01625
95,944
1,559
475,823
3,426,882
35.7
50-54
0.02447
94,385
2,310
466,150
2,951,059
31.3
55-59
0.03755
92,075
3,458
451,730
2,484,909
27.0
60-64
0.05329
88,617
4,723
431,278
2,033,179
22.9
65-69
0.07796
83,894
6,540
403,120
1,601,901
19.1
70-74
0.11701
77,354
9,051
364,143
1,198,781
15.5
75-79
0.18279
68,303
12,485
310,303
834,638
12.2
80-84
0.28237
55,818
15,761
239,688
524,335
9.4
85+
1.00000
40,057
40,057
284,647
284,647
7.1
Females
Age1
q2
l3
d4
L5
T6
E7
< 1
0.00462
100,000
462
99,677
8,326,446
83.3
1-4
0.00067
99,538
67
398,018
8,226,769
82.6
5-9
0.00040
99,471
40
497,255
7,828,751
78.7
10-14
0.00051
99,431
50
497,030
7,331,496
73.7
15-19
0.00088
99,381
87
496,688
6,834,466
68.8
20-24
0.00164
99,294
163
496,063
6,337,778
63.8
25-29
0.00178
99,131
176
495,215
5,841,715
58.9
30-34
0.00218
98,955
215
494,238
5,346,500
54.0
35-39
0.00358
98,740
353
492,818
4,852,262
49.1
40-44
0.00592
98,387
583
490,478
4,359,444
44.3
45-49
0.00988
97,804
966
486,605
3,868,966
39.6
50-54
0.01501
96,838
1,454
480,555
3,382,361
34.9
55-59
0.02153
95,384
2,054
471,785
2,901,806
30.4
60-64
0.03376
93,330
3,151
458,773
2,430,021
26.0
65-69
0.05330
90,179
4,806
438,880
1,971,248
21.9
70-74
0.08057
85,373
6,878
409,670
1,532,368
17.9
75-79
0.12926
78,495
10,146
367,110
1,122,698
14.3
80-84
0.20735
68,349
14,172
306,315
755,588
11.1
85+
1.00000
54,177
54,177
449,273
449,273
8.3

1 Age - Age interval of life stated in years
2 q - probability of dying during the stated years
3 l - number of survivors at the beginning of the age interval
4 d - number of persons dying during the age interval
5 L - person years lived during the age interval
6 T - person years beyond the exact age at the beginning of the age interval
7 E - expectation of life at the age at the beginning of the age interval

Education Index

The next parameter for measuring Human Development Index is Education Index. This was changed in 2011 to the be the square root of the products of Mean Years of Schooling Index and Expected Years of Schooling Index divided by 0.951.


The Expected Years of Schooling Index is defined as follows:


The statistics data for State of New York is present at its website (http://www.p12.nysed.gov/irs/statistics/public/)


The next parameter in the Human Development Index is Income Index described below.

Income Index

Income Index is defined as following:


where, GNI stands for Gross National Income. Gross National Income consists of: the personal consumption expenditures, the gross private investment, the government consumption expenditures, the net income from assets abroad (net income receipts), and the gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes. The GNI is similar to the gross national product (GNP), except that in measuring the GNP one does not deduct the indirect business taxes. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_national_income)

It is calculated using the following formula


Turns out the GDP data for New York State is available at the website for New York State's Economic Development Agency called Empire State Development's data center (http://esd.ny.gov/NYSDataCenter/GrossDomesticProduct.html).


The data is derived from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis's data which is available at its website (http://www.bea.gov/national/index.htm#gdp) as shown in the screenshot below.


This website also contains an Interactive Data tool that provides data for download.

My plan over the next few posts is to cover all the measures of social development.

No comments: